The Effects Of Food On The United States Of The State...

Until recently, I have never been consciously aware of my food choices. I was one of the many passive consumers in today’s society who viewed food as an abstract idea. I chose whatever I felt like eating that day without a second thought to what I was eating or how this food became available to me. Therefore, I found the trip to the Michigan State University’s Student Organic Farm an enlightening experience. It not only provides an opportunity for students to become engaged in the agriculture of their food, but it also allows them to also appreciate the amount of hard work that goes into cultivating their own produce. This is something that isn’t commonly available to the vast majority of communities. The concept of food has been revolutionized over the past few decades. They have been industrialized and packaged in a way that makes the process of consumption cheaper, and more convenient. Thus, quantity has been favored over quality. As a consequence of the chang ing food industry, consumers have become passive in regards to the substance on their dinner table; thus shaping the way in which the food industry operates today. Therefore, I believe that the consumers’ lack of knowledge about the food that they consume is one of the most pressing issues in today’s society. The passivity of consumers in regards to their food choices is indirectly contributing to the socially and economically unjust food system. Food products are often times portrayed as natural and fresh throughShow MoreRelatedEssay on The American Fast Food Industry1420 Words   |  6 Pages The fast food industry in America has many drawbacks at the cost of supplying food to the American population. Since many people are ignorant of the process their food goes through in order to become the edible meal they consume, American companies easily take advantage of them. In class, we discussed a â€Å"Food Bill of Rights†. 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Political economy of agrarian change Free Essays

string(77) " implementation far exceeds benefits of reform \(Rashid and Quibria, 1995\)\." Introduction Are redistributive land reforms possible and if so are they desirable today? Land reform (LR) is defined as a ‘legislation intended and likely to redistribute ownership of current farmland, and thus benefit the poor by raising their absolute and relative status, power, and/or income, compared with likely situations without the legislation’ (Lipton, 2009:124). Thus, land-based wealth and power are transferred from the monopoly control of private landed class to landless working poor. This, however, is far from being universal. We will write a custom essay sample on Political economy of agrarian change or any similar topic only for you Order Now LR has had a rollercoaster ride in the toolbox of development strategies from a panacea that would cure all ills and help replicate the successes of Japan and Korea, to venom that destroys property rights and creates unviable production units that lead to agricultural decline and urban migration as it has purportedly done in Latin America. The issue of LR is indeed complex and nuanced. A deeper understanding of LR, therefore, is imperative. This essay discusses the desirability and possibility of LR. On one spectrum, it will argue for the desirability of land reform in terms of efficiency and poverty reduction. On the other spectrum, it will venture arguments for the possibility of LR. It concludes that LR remains alive, active and acts as a beacon of hope for those with limited or no access to land. This essay begins assessing the possibility of LR in contemporary developing countries. It argues that LR is not only possible but an ongoing battle. It is back on the policy agenda of international development institutions since the 1990s and has not disappeared since then (Borras, 2010). It was in the mid-1990s when land struggles caught the attention of the world. Three of these were the most important, the Chiapas uprising in Mexico, the state-investigated land invasions by black landless poor of white commercial farms in Zimbabwe, and the resurgence of militant peasant land occupations in Brazil reminiscent of the actions by the peasant land of the 1950s but much greater in scale and political sophistication (Akram-Lodhi et al, 2007). While the international development community grappled with the meanings and implications of such complex conflicts, trans-national agrarian movements (TAMs) emerged (Borras, 2010). La Via Campesina (VC) is to be mentioned, beside the Internationa l Federation of Agricultural Producers and the IPC for Food Sovereignty. VC, for example, is an international movement of poor peasants and small farmers from the global South and North, which was established in 1993 as a critical response to neoliberalism and which is still very much active today (Ibid, 2010). VC validates what Ronald Herring (2003) observed, namely that LR was taken off the ‘policy agenda’ of national and international agencies in the 1980s, but never left the ‘political agendas’ of the peasants and their organisations. Herring explained that ‘even dead LR are not dead; they become nodes around which future peasant mobilisations emerge because promises unkept keep movements alive’ (Ibid, 2003: 123). Today, as in the case 50 years ago, severe poverty remains mainly rural with extreme land inequalities. As the World Bank study in 2003 shows 17.8% of the population in East and South East Asia live under 1.25$. The figure however is much higher for Latin America (38.6%) and drastic in Sub-Saharan Africa (50.3%). Further, though the LR thrust weakened from the mid-1970s, observers (de Janvry and Sadoulet,1989) saw factors tending to revive it. First, form the mid-1980s, spreading democracy and political organisation led to civil-society activism, including land invasions to press for enforcement of unimplemented LR laws (Binswanger-Mkhize, 2009). Second, growth of new markets induced many giant, near-feudal haciendas to become commercial farms; turned tied workers from feudal workers into casual, part-time employees, who are freer to press for LR (Bernstein, 2003). Third, in faster-growing countries, urban growth shifted visible poverty priorities at national levels from farms towards cities (Lipton, 2009). Thus, internal dynamics – urbanisation, unequal land and power distribution, and the expansion of democratic-consciousness among the rural population – supported, rather than kill, LR in twenty-first century. Since the Mexican revolution of 1910, internal dynamics decide whether LR slows, pauses, resumes or accelerates. Sometimes it was seen as complete, either having reached its limits or succumbed to limitations, mainly underperformance and unpopularity due to collectivist rather than distributives approaches (Olsen, 1971). But in no country did LR quite die or became impossible rather it has resumed or speeded up. Indeed in some countries LR sputtered on with many stops and starts. The timing of slowdowns or reversals varied, from 1910 in Mexico or 1973 in Chile. The timing of resumption or acceleration also varied, from the early 1990s in Brazil to 2006-08 in Bolivia and Venezuela (Sen, 1997). Many huge farms have partly transformed from haciendas to partly modernised commercial farms but gross, growth-inhibiting, and largely inherited land inequality remains unaddressed – making LR vital and crucial as ever. LR, therefore, is not impossible. Much had happened; some is happening now; more remains relevant and likely. Globally, LR recedes and advances, is fulfilled or abandoned, inspires new pressures and programmes or becomes dormant with old ones. Since LR is still not only possible today but also a burning issue, the question now is whether it is also desirable. Opponents of LR, for example, Lipton (2008) argue that with increased expansion of capitalism, large farms become more suitable than small farms – rendering LR superfluous. Worldwide, rapid technical change and globalisation confront farmers with transformed processing and marketing arrangements, often impinging on production. Larger farms are considered under these circumstances as more efficient, thus advantages of smallness are reversed by economic development, globalisation and supermarkets. Moreover, it is argued that LR is internally inconsistent often due to loopholes inserted by lawmakers under pressure from large landowners (Ibid, 2008). LR, so argued, gives ‘too’ much power to the state so that the goal of putting control of land in the hands of the poor is subverted, and the reform abused to extract enforced surplus from rural people, in cluding the poor. Also argued is that LR is politically infeasible because political and social costs of implementation far exceeds benefits of reform (Rashid and Quibria, 1995). You read "Political economy of agrarian change" in category "Essay examples" Yet, all these arguments considered are as amiss. There are two different discourses arguing in favour of LR. The one is Marxist, positivist, evolutionist, the other, neo-liberal and technocratic (Borras et al, 2010). The one has developed in Eastern and Central Europe during the late nineteenth century; the other after World War II in the technocratic language of development policy. Both traditions have resonances in today’s LR debate, however with competing political ideologies, reasoning, and conclusions. While it must be acknowledged that the debate about LR also includes institutional economics or livelihood economics, a further inquiry thereof is beyond the scope of this essay (Cousins et al., 2010). The main neo-liberal argument for LR lies in the inverse-relationship paradigm (IR) (Deiniger, 1999). The rationale is that small scale farmers are residual claimants to profits and have an incentive to provide greater efforts in the process of production. The reason for this is the following: small farms have advantages in managing labour, but larger farms in managing capital. Capital and large-farm advantage loom larger as a source of higher land productivity in developed, labour scarce rural areas; labour, and small-farm advantage, count for more in developing, capital scarce countries. Griffin, Khan and Ickowitz (2002) conclude that since the ratio of interest rates to wages is relatively low in large farms with access to credit, they tend to adopt relatively more capital intensive method of production. Small farmers on the other hand, so argued, tend to have worse access to capital and therefore tend to economize on it by adopting relatively more labour intensive technology. Sma ll farmers, therefore, generate more employment. Since the factor proportions are typically skewed in favour of labour as the abundant, small farms utilize resources more efficiently. Following this line of reasoning, there appears to be a clear policy outcome; economic policies should be geared towards reallocating land away from large farm holdings to small family farms since it is the most effective means of boosting efficiency and output. The desirability of LR based on IR, however, is disputable. Today, it is assumed that the connection between size and productivity is fallacious – even among neo-liberal economists. While the World Bank supported the IR in 1975, it now claims that ‘land ownership ceiling have been generally ineffective†¦to facilitate the break-up of big farms, and instead have led to red tapes, spurious subdivisions, and corruption’ (Binswanger-Mkhize, 2009). To argue further, IR paradigm suffers from methodological shortcomings – semantic relativism. What is a ‘small’ farmThere is no general consensus on this and it varies with each case study on IR. For example, Van Zyl (1996) conducted a study into South African agriculture in which he stated that, ‘significant efficiency gains can be made if farm sizes in the commercial sector become smaller (in Sender and Johnston, 2004:152). However, the definition of a ‘small farm’ used in this st udy was one with over 500 hectares. To argue that a 500 hectare farm is a ‘small’ scale farm is preposterous when compared to a small farm in Bangladesh which normally counts for 1-2 hectare (Khan, 2004). The term ‘small’ is used ambiguously in many investigations into agriculture and productivity. Therefore, until there is a clear definition of what constitutes a ‘small’ farm, it is difficult to accept evidence about higher productivity on ‘small’ farms without a pinch of salt. Second, IR suffers from theoretical limitations. IR ignores peasant differentiation and differences in land quality (Byres, 2004b). Small peasants are not heterogeneous. In each size group, some farms are run and worked by kin, others by employees; some are remote, others peri-urban; some have favourable land, others not, some are well-managed, others not. Simple measures, which regress annual farm output per hectare against farm size, miss out these factors. In statistics term, the ‘bivariate’ IR hides ‘missing variables’, and thus hides ‘unobserved heterogeneity’ within farm size-groups (Dyer, 2004). Moreover, smaller farms may have higher output per hectare, not because of its smallness, but because of its higher land-water quality (Ibid, 2004). Small farm land with poor soil quality can not be a guarantee for higher agricultural output. The desirability of LR from a Marxist perspective, however takes a different stance. According to political economists, LR’s desirability lies in its contribution to the resolution of the agrarian question (AQ). The AQ constitutes ‘the continued existence in the countryside, in a substantive sense, of obstacles to an unleashing of accumulation in both the countryside itself and more generally — in particular, the accumulation associated with capitalist industrialisation’ (Byres, 2004a).Byres’ definition demonstrates the historical contribution of LR to develop capitalist economies. It was LR that unleashed the forces of production necessary for a ‘primitive accumulation’ by eroding feudal and semi-feudal relations of production and replacing them with a class of capitalist farmers and one of wage labourers. The resolution of the AQ was achieved in a variety of ways, ‘from above’, as in the case of nineteenth century Prussia, where a land owning class metamorphosed into an agrarian capitalist class, or ‘from below’ in America, where peasants differentiate themselves over time into classes of agrarian capital (Ibid, 2004a). To destroy the power of pre-capitalist property class, LR is required. The function of LR in this context, therefore, lies in its contribution as the promoter of capitalism in pre-capitalist areas. Contemporary AQ, however, is centred on the crisis of the reproduction of increasingly fragmented classes of labour within a capitalist system (Bernstein, 2009). Here, the desirability of LR is argued on the basis of securing the livelihood of peasants. Land is seen as ‘a basic livelihood asset, the principal form of natural capital from which people produce food and earn a living’ (Cousins et al 2010:32). Land also ‘provides a supplementary source of livelihoods for rural workers and the urban poor’ and ‘as a heritable asset, land is the basis for the wealth and livelihood security of future rural generations’ (Ibid, 2010:33). Moreover, Kay (1988) buttresses LR by arguing that small-scale farming is multiplier-rich. LR enhances growth for the overall economy because family farmers spend more of their incomes in the locally produced goods than do larger farms, creating a positive relationship between family farms and non-farm incomes in the loca l economy. In China, for instance, access to land enabled peasants to take increased risk and move into non-farm activities which produced the boom in small-scale entrepreneurship (Bramall, 2004). From a Marxist perspective henceforth, desirability of LR not only results in capital accumulation but in improved prospects for the livelihood security of differentiated classes of labour, for whom farming may be only one source of income. So far we have considered the desirability of LR entirely from an economic perspective. Leaving this aside, LR has also major socio-political implications – buttressing the desirability argument. Advocates of political LR, appreciate, for instance, the dissolution of feudal relationships of production and excessively concentrated and exploitative elite power structures (Bhaduri, 1973). While the main goal of land reformers is to enhance the rural poor’s access to land, it is also to reduce poverty, inequality, and to increase liberty (Sen, 2001). Having land on their own, the poor rely less on non-farm employment, emergency loans, or trade with local ‘rural tyrants’ (Hall, 2004) who are almost always major land controllers, but often also employers, landlords, lenders with interlocking market power over things that the local poor can neither live without nor, in many cases readily get elsewhere. Political LR, also include the creation of political stability and peace. In post-conflict situations, this would suggest a focus on provision of land to war-veterans and people displaced by war. In Zimbabwe, for instance, LR focused on white-owned farms and exempted black owners from expropriation (Jacobs, 2000). In post-colonial situations, the political LR also included correcting the racial imbalance in land ownership (Algeria, East-Southern Africa) and empowering members of the new elite (Kenya and Zimbabwe) (Lipton, 2004). Therefore LR, apart from having economic benefits, contributes to unlock many of today’s rural societies from quasi-feudalism. LR – its desirability and possibility – has been hotly debated among various economic ideologies. Yet, in a world of continuing poverty and inequality, slow agricultural growth, changing economic structures, rapid urbanisation, profound challenges of climate structures, and rapid urbanisation, institutions, policies and pressures concerning access to and use of land are as important as ever. In the past century, LR played a central role in the time-paths of rural and national poverty, progress, freedom, conflict, and suffering. Arguing that LR is ‘passe’- is therefore erroneous. And such thinking underrates the reach of LR. LR, like education or tax reform, is a thrust towards more equitable and efficient distribution. The thrust weakens or strengthens with economic situations and power balances, but does not become impossible. For the next half-century at least, where agriculture continues central to the lives of the poor, the role of LR will not decline. Indeed growing populations, scarcer land, and the low and falling employment intensity of non-farm growth may well increase pressures for and resistance to LR. Although, it carries the potential for severe land conflicts, it nevertheless permits huge gains, in terms of liberty and peace as well as growth and reduced inequality. Bibliography Akram-Lodhi, A.H., Borras, M. Jr, Kay,C., and McKinley, T. (2007), Land, poverty and livelihoods in an era of globalization.London: Routledge. Bernstein, H. (2009), ‘Agrarian questions from transition to globalization’, in A Haroon Akram Lodhi and C Kay (eds), Peasants and Globalization. Political economy, rural transformation and the agrarian question, London: Routledge. Bernstein, H. (2003), ‘Land Reform in Southern Africa in World-Historical Perspective’, Review of African Political Economy, vol.30, no.96. Bhaduri, A. (1973), ‘A study in economic backwardness under semi-feudalism’. Economic Journal vol.5, no.83. Binswanger-Mkhize, H. P (2009), Agricultural Land Redistribution. Towards a Greater Consensus. Washington, D.C: World Bank. Bloch, M. (1964), Feudal Society: The growth of ties of dependence. Chicago: Chicago University Press. Borras, S., Kay C., and Lahiff E. (2007), ‘Market-Led Agrarian Reform: Policies, Performance and Prospects’, Third World Quarterly, vol.28, no.8. Borras, S., and Franco, J. (2010), ‘Contemporary Discourses and Contestations around Pro-poor Land Policies and Land Governance’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 10, no.1. Borras, S. (2010), ‘The Politics of Transnational Agrarian Movements’, Development and Change, vol. 41, no.5. Bramall, C. (2004), ‘Chinese Land Reform in Long-Run Perspective and in the Wider East Asian Context’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol.4, no 12. Byres, T.J. (2004a), ‘Neo-Classical Neo-populism 25 Years On: Deja vu and Deja Passe. Towards a Critique ’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 4, no.12. Byres, T.J. (2004b), ‘Introduction: Contextualizing and Interrogating the GKI Case for Redistributive Land Reform’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 4, no 12. Chimhowu, A. and Woodhouse, A. (2006), ‘Customary vs. Private Property RightsDynamics and Trajectories of Vernacular Land Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol.6, no.3. Cousins, B. and Scoones I. (2010), ‘Contested paradigms of ‘viability’ in redistributive land reform: perspectives from Southern Africa’. Journalof Peasant Studies, vol. 37, no. 1. Deininger, K. (1999), ‘Making Negotiated Land Reform Work: Initial Experience from Columbia, Brazil and South Africa’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, Washington D.C: World Bank. Deininger, K. (2003), Land Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction. Washington, D.C: World Bank. Dyer, G. (2004), ‘Redistributive Land Reform: No April Rose. The Poverty of Berry and Cline and GKI on the Inverse Relationship’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol.4., no12. De Janvry, A. and Sadoulet, E. (1989), ‘Path dependent policy reforms: from land reform to rural development in Columbia’, in Hoff et al., 2003, the Economics of Rural organisation: Theory, practise, and Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Griffin, K., Khan, R., and Ickowitz, A.(2002), ‘Poverty and the Distribution of Land’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 2, no.3 Griffin, K., Khan, A.R., and Ickowitz, A. (2004), ‘In Defence of Neo-Classical Neo-Populism’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 4, no 3. Hall, R. (2004), ‘A Political Economy of Land Reform in South Africa’, Review of African Political Economy, vol.100, Herring, R. (2003) Carrots, Sticks and Ethnic Conflict: Rethinking Development Assistance. Michigan: University of Michigan Press. Jacobs, S. (2000), ‘Zimbabwe: Why Land Reform is a Gender Issue’, Sociological Research Online, vol. 5, no.2. Johnston, D. and Le Roux, H. (2007), ‘Leaving the Household out of Family Labour: The Implications for the Size-Efficiency Debate’, European Journal of Development Research. Kay, C. (1998), ‘Latin Americas agrarian reform: lights and shadows’. Land reform, Land Settlement and Co-operatives, vol.2, no.7. Kevane, M. and Gray, L.C. (1999), ‘A Woman’s Field is Made at Night: Gendered Land Rights and Norms in Burkina Faso’, Feminist Economics, vol. 5, no.1. Khan, M.H. (2004), ‘Power, Property Rights and the Issue of Land Reform: A General Case Illustrated with Reference to Bangladesh’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol.4, no 12. Lipton M. (2009), Land Reform in Developing Countries. Property rights and property wrongs. London: Routledge. Manji, A. (2003), ‘Capital, Labour and Land Relations in Africa: A Gender Analysis of the World Bank’s Policy Research Report on Land Institutions and Land Policy’, Third World Quarterly, vol. 24, no.1. Olsen, M. (1971), The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Peters, P. (2004), ‘Inequality and Social Conflict Over Land in Africa’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol.4, no.3. Rashid, S. and Quibria, M. (1995), Critical Issues in Asia Development: Theories, Experiences and Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Schultz, T. (1964) Transforming Traditional Agriculture. New Haven: Yale University Press. Sen, A. K. (1997), ‘Radical Needs and Moderate Reforms’, in J. Dreze and A.K Sen (eds), Indian Development: Selected Regional Perspectives, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sen, A. K. (2001), Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sender, J. and Johnston, D. (2004), ‘Searching for a Weapon of Mass Production in Rural Africa: Unconvincing Arguments for Land Reform’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 4, no.12. Vergera-Camus, L. (2009), ‘The MST and the EZLN struggle for land: new forms of peasant rebellions’, Journal of Agrarian Change, vol. 9, no.3. Walker, C. (2002). ‘Agrarian Change, Gender And Land Reform: A South African Case Study’, UNRISD Social Policy Development Programme, Paper no 10. Woodhouse, P. (2003), ‘African Enclosures: A Default Mode of Development’, World Development vol.31, no.10. How to cite Political economy of agrarian change, Essay examples

Financial Markets and Monetary Policy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Financial Markets and Monetary Policy. Answer: Introduction: Efficient Market Hypothesis refers to a conjecture within the financial economics that describes that the price of an asset totally reveals all the information that is available from the asset. It is seen that a direct inference is that, it is unfeasible to overcome the market every time on the basis of the risk adjusted as the prices in the market only responds to the fresh data or information and the transformations in the rate of discounts (Burton and Shah 2017). It is seen that the rate of discount can be estimated or may be capricious. The model was constructed by Professor Eugene Fama Management, who made an argument that the stock always try to operate at their fair value and thus makes it unfeasible for the investors to either trade on the stocks that are undervalued or trade off the stocks for a higher price. Therefore, it is seen that it becomes almost impossible to surpass the whole market through expertise selection of stock or even the timing of the market and that the best process an investor can probably gain increased profits or returns is with the help of the opportunity or by buying certain investments that are very risky (Suliman 2017). The study undertaken by Bodie (2013) makes a confirmation about the explanation that has been discussed in the paper and reveals that the allocation of the returns that are abnormal in nature of the any mutual funds that are very alike to expectation that there are no fund managers who possess the skills that are a mandatory aspect for holding an Efficient Market Hypot hesis. It is seen that there are three types of Efficient Market Hypothesis namely, Weak, Semi-strong and Strong. The three types of Efficient Market Hypothesis are discussed below: The Efficient Market Hypothesis that is weak in nature reveals that one cannot forecast the prices of the future stock by looking at the previous stock prices. The Weak form Efficient Market Hypothesis is an attempt that directly aims at the technical analysis. It is seen that if the previous stocks are not able to forecast the prices of the future stocks, then there is no option of observing them and no points of making an attempt to discriminate the trend in the chart of the stocks. Gandhi et al. (2013) reveals that most of the studies reveal that the weak form of Efficient Market Hypothesis stands up well as they have the ability to create an abnormally increased rate of returns. Efficient Market Hypothesis that is in the nature of being semi-strong reveals that it cannot make use of any discovered information to forecast the future prices of stock. Efficient market Hypothesis that is semi-strong in nature aims at the fundamental analysis. It is seen that if all the information that have been published is reflected on the prices of the stock, then it is seen that nothing can be achieved by observing the financial reports or by paying anybody like the fund managers (Frahm 2014). This form market hypothesis even stands up pretty well as it is seen that for instance, a variety of active fund managers who surpass the market has traditionally has no more power than to simply feature the clear randomness of the prices of the stock. This form of market hypothesis does not look to be an ironclad but it is seen that there exists a handful of investors who have overcome in this market by an adequate level and thus it becomes extremely hard to forecast that whether it is just for luck or not (Graziani 2015). The strong nature of Efficient Market Hypothesis reveal that all the information is known and can be known and even the information that have not been published are even seen in the current stock prices (Hu 2014). The inference in this case would be that even if some internal information is known and can therefore be traded legally by looking into it, there would be no gain by trying to do so. Narayan et al. (2015) reveals that the strong nature of Efficient Market Hypothesis is not specific to most of the investors as it is rare that the investors do not have data or information regarding any current and future stock prices in the share market. In this question it is revealed with the help of the diagram that how the investors react in the market before and after the establishment of an innovative and newly constructed product that may revolutionise the international market. The diagram suggests that the market where the product is launched is efficient but however, it is seen that there is a variance in the reaction of the investors at various levels before and after the establishment of the product that have explained with the help of lines in the diagram. It is seen that in Line 1, that depicts the characteristics of the investors just after the announcement date. In this case, it is seen that the share prices of the product starts to rise as the investors have started to estimate the product and the future prices of the product as they feel that this product would be highly demanded in the market (Westerlund and Narayan 2013). Therefore, it is seen that with the increase in the speculation, the share prices start to rise gradually showing that there is an improvement in the share market. Line 2 in the diagram reveals the condition of the investors and the share prices before the announcement date of the new product. It is seen that before the new product was announced, the market was operating in its own way and therefore, no changes and introduction of new products revealed that the prices of shares were going down as the economy of the market remained same and functioned in the ordinary way (Fievet and Sornette 2016). The investors are always looking for a kick in the market due to any external and internal factors that that can jump the market with a rise in the prices of the stock. However, prior to the announcement of the product there was no information available to the investors that would help them to speculate the market. It is seen that the prices of the share slowly tend to increase as the date of announcement closes in revealing that the investors have knowledge about the announcement of a new product. Line 3 in the diagram reveals the situation when the announcement is made regarding the new product. During the announcement of the new product, the price pf shares in the market leaps up to the highest as the shareholders have new information regarding a product and they start speculating that this product may improve the lifestyle of human beings and therefore the demand for the product will be extremely high (Duncan et al. 2017). The introduction of a new product always raises the price of the shares as the investors are in the opinion that investing in the shares of this product will raise their returns by a certain margin. It is during this time that the stock prices are higher than the level of the efficient market. It is seen that after the prices rise just after the announcement, gradually the price starts falling as days pass after the announcement. Line 4 of the diagram reveals that the prices of the shares have fallen with respect to the efficient market and with time it slowly rises but after a certain level remains constant (Titterington et al., 2015). The rise in the share price is even lower to Line 1 and therefore it suggests that the investors have adequate knowledge about the future stock prices and the stock market and therefore are reluctant to invest in the share market. The Gordon Growth Model is even known as the Dividend Discount Model that is known to be a process for computing the internal stock value by excluding the present market conditions. The model computes the value that is created with the current value of the future dividend of the stock that grows at a constant rate (Madoroba and Kruger 2015). It is seen that that the dividend per share that will be payable by the company in one year, this model resolves for the problems of the present value of the in numerous series of the future dividends. The model values the stock of a company by making use of the estimation of steady growth in the company payments that are given out to the general equity shareholders. There are three significant factors that are available with the model and they are namely the rate of growth, the dividend per share and the rate of return (Ferrs et al. 2016). The annual payment given out by a company to their shareholders is known as the dividend per share. The growth rate over the dividend per share reveals the level of rise in the dividend in the next year with respect to the current year. The required rate of return on the other hand is the minimum expectation or the return that an investor expects and accepts when they purchase the stock of a company (Turnbull et al. 2014). By looking at the question that is given with the help of the diagram, it is seen that if the growth rate of the company is approaching to closer to the required rate of return on an investment in equity then one should not invest in such stocks until the growth rate is equal to the required rate of return. An investor should always invest in stocks which have a growth rate equal to higher than the required rate of return as the required rate of return is the minimum amount that an investor expects to receive when they invest in an equity stock (Sloboda et al. 2016). It is seen that if the growth rate is closing in to the required rate of return, it suggests that the value is lower than the expected minimum amount and it is not certain that the growth rate in the next year can reach the expected return as though the Gordon Growth Model describes that the dividend grows at a constant rate, it may not be the case all the time, as the growth may cease due to the availability of business cycles. Therefore, an investor should always invest in a stock in the equity when the growth rate is more than the required rate of return as in case of any loss due to the internal and the external factors in the market, the investors are sure to receive their required rate of return and investing in shares where the growth is approaching the required rate of return may not give out the minimum expectation of the investors (Scott 2015). Therefore, according to the question, one must not invest in the shares of the company that has growth rate that approaches the required rate of return. Reference List Bodie, Z., 2013.Investments. McGraw-Hill. Burton, F.E.T. and Shah, S.N., 2017. Efficient Market Hypothesis.CMT Level I 2017: An Introduction to Technical Analysis. Duncan, J., Anderson, S.C., Price, S. and Thomas, C., 2017. The Gordon Growth Model: A Teaching Case.Journal of Business Case Studies (Online),13(1), p.23. Ferrs, M.A., Bianchi, D.W., Siegel, A.E., Bronson, R.T., Huggins, G.S. and Guedj, F., 2016. Perinatal Natural History of the Ts1Cje Mouse Model of Down Syndrome: Growth Restriction, Early Mortality, Heart Defects, and Delayed Development.PloS one,11(12), p.e0168009. Fievet, L. and Sornette, D., 2016. The Weak Efficient Market Hypothesis in Light of Statistical Learning. Frahm, G., 2014.A Modern Approach to the Efficient-Market Hypothesis(No. 1302.3001). Gandhi, S., Bulsara, H.R. and Patel, P., 2013. Conceptual Study on Efficient Market Hypothesis for the World Markets: Finding Opportunities for Indian Stock Markets. Management (1820-0222), (67). Graziani, G., 2015. The efficient market hypothesis: a case study concerning the US stock market. Hu, M., 2014. The efficient market hypothesis and corporate event waves: part II.Corporate finance review,18(6), p.20. Madoroba, E. and Kruger, J.W., 2015. Equity Valuation Meets the Sigmoid Growth Equation: The Gordon Growth Model Revisited. Narayan, P.K., Narayan, S., Popp, S. and Ali Ahmed, H., 2015. Is the efficient market hypothesis day-of-the-week dependent? Evidence from the banking sector.Applied Economics,47(23), pp.2359-2378. Scott, K.G., 2015.The Impact of Hosting the Summer Olympic Games on Economic Growth in Developing Countries: A Case Study of the 2008 Beijing Games(Doctoral dissertation, The University of Mississippi). Sloboda, C., Chico, S., Gordon, J., Bailey, S., Zwetsloot, K.A. and Mowa, C., 2016. Echinacea Purpurea Down Regulates LPS-induced Expression of Pro-inflammatory and Angiogenic Factors in An Ex Vivo Model of Equine Placentitis.The FASEB Journal,30(1 Supplement), pp.921-3. Suliman, O., 2017. EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS.The American Middle Class: An Economic Encyclopedia of Progress and Poverty [2 volumes],70, p.126. Titterington, F.M., Morrison, S.J., Lively, F.O., Wylie, A.R.G., Gordon, A.W. and Browne, M.R., 2015. An analysis of Northern Ireland farmers' experiences of using a target-driven beef heifer growth management plan and development of an empirical model leading to the launch of a decision support tool to promote first calving of beef heifers at 24 months.Agricultural Systems,132, pp.107-120. Turnbull, I.C., Karakikes, I., Serrao, G.W., Backeris, P., Lee, J.J., Xie, C., Senyei, G., Gordon, R.E., Li, R.A., Akar, F.G. and Hajjar, R.J., 2014. Advancing functional engineered cardiac tissues toward a preclinical model of human myocardium.The FASEB Journal,28(2), pp.644-654. Westerlund, J. and Narayan, P., 2013. Testing the efficient market hypothesis in conditionally heteroskedastic futures markets.Journal of Futures Markets,33(11), pp.1024-1045.

Summary Of Wind In The Willows English Literature Essay Essay Example

Summary Of Wind In The Willows English Literature Essay Paper The Wind in the Willows is a book written by Kenneth Grahame, and was published in 1908. The novel is slow traveling and fast paced, it is about four anthropomorphized animate being characters viz. Badger, Rat, Mole, and Toad within a pastoral edition of England. The book is noteworthy for its mixture of escapade, mysticism, morality, and friendly relationship. The Wind in the Willows is about the escapades of a set of four carnal friends that display human behaviour: Badger, Rat, Mole, and Toad. The Wind in the Willows consists of three narrations put together: the narrative of the company of Rat and Mole, the escapades of Toad, and the two emotional chapters on nature called Wayfarers All and The Piper at the Gates of Dawn ( Grahame 2 ) . The narrative Begins when Mole deserts the spring cleansing of his belowground house to take a walk down the riverside. Mole meets Rat, and the two turned out to be friends. Mole as good becomes buddies with Toad, the rich owner of Toad Hall. Toad persuades Rat and Mole to take a journey on his itinerant train, nevertheless during the trip they are forced off the manner by a hurrying vehicle. After deep thought, Toad deserts the train to trail the auto. Rat and Mole go back place. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Of Wind In The Willows English Literature Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Of Wind In The Willows English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Summary Of Wind In The Willows English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Subsequently on, Mole gets lost appraising the country across the river called the Wild Wood. Luckily, Rat rescues him ; moreover the two get refuge in the safe and warm abode of the Badger. In the interim, Toad has become overzealous about autos and has crashed legion autos. Badger being so worried about his immature friend, he asks Rat and Mole to help him to convert Toad to be more painstaking. Their supplication to him neglect, and Toad is trapped stealing a auto and is jailed for 20 old ages. Toad escapes from prison and has many escapades on his journey place. When he in conclusion arrives back at Toad Hall, he gets it overrun with stoats, weasels, and Mustela nigripess from the Wild Wood. His friends help him to run the homesteaders out of the place and bask a gay feast. The narrative terminals with Toad deciding to alter ( Grahame 39 ) . One of the major subjects of The Wind of Willows is the journey ; in the narrative, different characters feel the desire to go and the demand to study infinite outside of their place country. Yet most of these trips result in homesickness and danger. Rat takes Mole out for a drive in his rowing ship. The two friends get along good moreover the two of them use up more of their clip on the river, with Rat developing Mole the ways of the river. Amongst the odyssey of Rat and Mole on one summer twenty-four hours, they paid a visit to Toad. Toad is friendly, gay and rich but conceited, and so haunted about things and dismisses them subsequently. Toad s nowadays fad is his horse-drawn convoy. Mole wants to run into up Badger, who lives inside the Wild Wood, nevertheless Rat knows that Badger does non welcome visits, and so declines to take him, meaning that if Mole will be patient, Badger himself will see. However, on a winter s twenty-four hours, Mole visits the Wild Wood to walk around, trusting to run into with Badger. He lost in the forests, succumbs to panic and fright and fells in the thick of the roots of a sheltering tree. Mole is a mild-mannered, home-loving animal, and the first character to be launched. Depressed with spring cleansing in his stray place, he ventures into the exterior universe and develops a more originative life. At first overawed by the disturbance of the riverside, he eventually adapts. Ratty is so relaxed and welcoming H2O field mouse, he is so affectionate of the river and takes Mole beneath his wing. He is portrayed to be on occasion blue, and can be stubborn when it comes to making things which are non in his riverbank life style ( Grahame 2 ) . In the Wind in the Willows most of the characters are conveyed by forces they do non understand, and ca non assist. For case Mole merely leaves his place because something up high was naming him domineeringly. The birds soar south, they say, for the ground that they feel within them a sweet agitation. When Ratty and Mole travel towards the weir in hunt of Portly, Otter s losing greenhorn, they say the Moon did what she could, although so far off, it helped them in their journey ( Grahame 5 ) . In a really diverse thought of a journey, Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Graham discusses the rational and emotional considerations prior to taking a trip, non by train or ship, but in a itinerant convoy. The extract begins with a graphic representation of the train A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s visual aspect, which highlights the significances of a brilliant mean of transit romanticizes the trip. Inside the narrative, Toad, who was psychologically driven, imagines the inducements that can be achieved through a journey that is filled of positive promises. In the class of his words of exhilaration, he stresses that the journey will enable them to see existent life through going on the unfastened route to a fresh life rich in possibilities. Ratty conversely was rational driven as he conveys discomfiture and misgiving ( Grahame 3 ) . Unimpressed by Toad A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s extended ravings, he snorts in discourtesy. Kenneth Graham briefly explains that even when a fantastic agency o f a journey is presented, it depends on the individual who is going to find whether to take on the journey or non. All the manner through the text, he every bit good expressed the hopes and concerns that an single takes before set abouting a journey. Mole thought that he would be satisfied and happy as he embarked on a journey rolling aimlessly ; out of the blue he stood by the boundary line of a full-fed river. He had neer seen a river before in his life. The writer describes the river as sleek, racy animate being, sinuate, trailing and chortling, enchanting things with a gurgle furthermore go forthing them with a chortle, to fling itself on new playfellows that shook themselves unfastened, and were trapped and held once more. That is the first to mole that the river life is Life Adventurous ( Grahame 2 ) . Mole A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s whole universe changed when he came from his house and met the good-natured, Water Rat who loves boat, the persnickety Frog of Toad Hall, the humanity which hates Badger who lives in the chilling Wild Wood, and countless other by and large unthreatening animals. In the early stages of this narrative, the spirited and cagey Water Rat is speaking to his best comrade, the emotional but easy to fulfill Mole, sing his most loved activity. He says that nil seems to count, that is the attractive force of it. He says that whether one gets off, or whether they do non ; whether one arrives at their finish or whether they neer get anyplace by any agencies, they are ever busy ( Grahame 4 ) . When Kenneth Grahame wrote novel he finely expressed that same point of position that the Water Rat had. Consequently at times we begin to theorize whether the proceedings are taking to anything, nevertheless one that knows that that is the appeal of it. Although the compassionate Mr. Badger explores his immense resistance place, Rat and Mole glide down the river in rowing boats ; the Otter trains his boy Portly how to swim furthermore Toad discovers a new craze. So by associating the quiet, composed life style of the riverside occupants along with the fast-paced ac t of worldly life, the writer keeps the readers enthralled. Mole and Ratty learn on their odyssey through the countryside that one is non ever satisfied by abandoning their place and traveling to gamble merely like Mole did. They besides learn that the appeal of it the lone thought behind an escapade. As Ratty says that nil seems to count, that is the attractive force of it. He says that whether one gets off, or whether they do non ; whether one arrives at their finish or whether they neer get anyplace by any agencies, they are ever busy. Through their escapades I have learnt that friends with existent virtuousnesss can lend to the growing of one moral behaviour ( Grahame 239 ) .

Savage garden Affirmation essays

Savage garden Affirmation essays The song Affirmation is written and performed by Darren Hayes (lead and back up singer) and Daniel Jones (keyboard, synthesisers and drum and rhythm programming). They are better known to the world as the Australian pop group Savage Garden. Some of the poetic devices that are used throughout the song are rhyme and repetition. The film clip shows many different messages throughout it such as love, hate, peace and war. The words in the song Affirmation are strengthened by the visual effects of the film clip. Without the film clip the words to the song dont have the same effect they do with it. Although some of the lyrics are sometimes hard to understand or interpret, the visual effect makes their meaning easier. This type of video clip was very effective as it was able to expand the viewers understanding and perception of the song. The major theme throughout the whole song is truth, hope and life. All the themes are connected in some way to each of the visual and sound devices used in the song. The beginning of the clip shows a film reel and then the images appear but they seem to be in black and white. The clip then progresses into colour, which shows the advances in technology over the past century. As the song starts, the first image after the film reel is that of Martin Luther King, which coincides with the words I believe. The significance of showing Martin Luther King with these words was that he was a civil rights activist who fought for equal rights for African Americans and for their acceptance into society. He was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize and in his speech he spoke about his dreams of accomplishing what he had fought for. His inspirational speech changed many peoples perspective of life and in the song Affirmation, Savage Garden have recognised and portrayed this. In his speech Martin Luther King repeats the very famous words, I have a dream and ...

4 Tips for Writing Amazing Notre Dame Essays

4 Tips for Writing Amazing Notre Dame Essays SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The University of Notre Dame is one of the most prestigious universities in the United States. It attracts the best and brightest students from around the country- in fact, 38% of the student body ranked in the top 1% of their high school graduating classes! That means that most applicants will have exemplary academic records. Because most applicant have amazing grades and transcripts, your Notre Dame application essays will be one of the most important ways for you to stand out from the crowd! This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about writing Notre Dame’s application essays. We’ve broken it into a few major sections. First, we’ll give you an overview of the Notre Dame supplement. Then we’ll walk you through each essay individually and answer the following questions: What is the essay asking you to do? What makes for a good answer? What are some potential essay topics? Are there pitfalls you should avoid? And finally, we’ll give you four top tips for taking your Notre Dame essays to the next level.So let’s get started! Why Are the Notre Dame Application Essays Important? The hard truth is that getting into Notre Dame is tough. Only 17% of applicants in 2018 were accepted, which makes Notre Dame harder to get into than schools like Emory University and Vassar! And because Notre Dame attracts top talent, admitted students also boast excellent standardized test scores. In fact, the average Notre Dame student scored between a 1410–1540 on their SAT or a 33–35 on their ACT. So that begs the question: what kind of applicants get admitted? According to the Notre Dame Office of Undergraduate Admissions, Notre Dame is looking for well-rounded, passionate students who excel in the classroom and are involved in the community. Here’s how Notre Dame sums up the importance of the essay portion of your application: Your essays are the most enjoyable part of the application reading process. Why? Because we learn about important decisions you’ve made, adventures you’ve survived, and lessons you’ve learned, family traditions you’ve experience. In other words, admissions counselors want to know that if you’re admitted, you’ll make the most of your time at Notre Dame- both inside and outside the classroom The Notre Dame essays are your chance to show admissions counselors that you’re the whole package, especially since Notre Dame does not conduct admissions interviews. That means your essay responses will be one of your only opportunities to show admissions counselors that you’re an excellent fit for their university. An Overview of the Notre Dame Supplement The Notre Dame supplement is available through either the Common App or the Coalition App websites. The Common App and the Coalition App are online platforms that let you apply to multiple colleges at once. If you aren’t sure what they are or how to use them, check out our guides to filling out the Common App and the Coalition App, which include tips for tackling the personal essays! Here’s where things get a little bit tricky: the Notre Dame supplement is submitted in addition to the application you have already filled out. That means you will be submitting additional essays specific to Notre Dame on top of the essays you’ve written for your universal application package. That’s why it’s called the Notre Dame supplement! The 2 Parts of the Notre Dame Supplement The supplement itself asks you to write and submit three additional essays, which are split into two groups: First, there’s the mandatory essay. This is the prompt that everyone who applies to Notre Dame must answer. For your next two essays, you’re given the choice between four prompts and must answer two. The online portals give you between 150 and 200 words to respond to each prompt, but the Notre Dame admissions website asks that each essay is 150 words. We recommend that you keep your essay as close to 150 words as possible! We know that’s not a lot of space, but remember: your admissions essays are about quality, not quantity. Now that you have a general sense of the Notre Dame supplement, let’s take a closer look at each essay topic. Essay 1: â€Å"Why Notre Dame?† What excites you about the University of Notre Dame that makes it stand out from other institutions? Remember: this essay topic is mandatory, which means you must answer it to complete the supplement. But don’t worry...we’re going to walk you through the process! What Is the Essay Asking You to Do? This prompt is essentially the â€Å"Why This College?† question. This is a common supplemental essay question designed to help admissions counselors understand why Notre Dame- and literally no other university!- is the perfect school for you. The â€Å"Why Notre Dame† prompt also serves another purpose: it helps they want to get a sense of how you, as both a student and as a person, will contribute to the Notre Dame community. In answering this question, your job is to show admissions counselors that you’re the perfect fit for Notre Dame, and visa versa. What Makes for a Good Answer? Do your homework. The key to writing an amazing â€Å"Why Notre Dame?† essay is showing admissions counselors that you’ve really dug into the resources and opportunities available at the school. Doing this proves you’re more than interested- it shows you’re passionate and motivated, too. As you research, look at specific classes you might be interested in taking and/or professors you might want to research under. (Here’s a list of all the colleges and departments at Notre Dame to get you started!) For example, if you want to program the next Alexa, you’ll want to mention taking classes like Artificial Intelligence and Software Development Practices. Or if curing cancer is more your thing, you can mention working with Dr. Jessica Brown, who is researching RNA to better understand how cancer works. Not sure what you want to major in yet? No problem. This is a common question we get when it comes to the â€Å"Why This College?† essay. The simple answer is: it’s okay to not know! Admissions counselors know that your major isn’t set in stone, but they do want to see that you’re thinking about the future. Even if you’re not 100% certain about what you want to do in the future, pick a potential major for the sake of writing this prompt. Don’t overlook the Notre Dame community, either. Admissions counselors are looking for students who will do more than study- they want to find people who will become members of the community, too. For instance, if you were in theatre in high school, you might want to participate in Shakespeare at Notre Dame! Also, many departments have their own student organizations (like the American Studies Club or Beta Gamma Sigma, a business honors society). Make sure you check departmental pages for this information. One quick note about religion: Notre Dame is a Catholic university, so many of its community programs are religiously affiliated. Unless you’re serious about becoming a member of one of these groups, don’t mention it in your essay. Admissions counselors read thousands of applications every year, and they will know if you’re being sincere! Start narrowing things down. Now that you’ve done your research and have a list of classes, professors, programs, and extracurriculars, choose the two or three things that stand out most. You only have 150 words, so you need to give yourself space to talk about the items you’ve chosen! Relate your topics to your goals. Remember, your job is to show admissions counselors that Notre Dame is the only school for you. Explain how the classes, programs, and activities you’ve mentioned will put you on the path to achieve your goals. For example, if you want to study adolescent psychology, explain how your coursework and experience at Notre Dame will help you go on to research how social media affects adolescents’ brain development. By making it personal, you’ll be able to emphasize how Notre Dame is the only place that can set you on the path to success. What Are Some Potential Essay Topics? Along with the examples we mention earlier in this section, here are a few other topics you might consider for this essay: Talk about how you hope to contribute to a specific ongoing research project with professor in your department. Explain your future career goals and mention how joining specific campus organizations will help put you on the path to success. Discuss how you want to take classes in two departments in order to think about a problem in your future profession in new ways. Are There Pitfalls You Should Avoid? Avoid generalities. Make sure you’re being as specific as possible about what makes Notre Dame special. Don’t just say you’re excited to attend because of the school’s study abroad programs- most, if not all, major colleges in the United States offer study abroad. What specific programs does Notre Dame offer that you can’t find anywhere else? The same goes for talking about your career interests. Don’t say that you want to stop climate change. How do you want to do that? How will specific classes, professors, and research opportunities at Notre Dame help you save the world? Leave sports out of it. We know, we know: part of the appeal of Notre Dame is joining the legion of Fighting Irish. But unless you’re joining one of the athletic teams, focus on academics and career/service opportunities instead. Don’t sound bored. The question asks about what makes you excited to attend Notre Dame, so let your passion show through in your writing. Essays 2 and 3: Choose Your Prompts For this section of the Notre Dame essay supplement, you’re given four different essay prompts. Your job is to choose and answer two. Keep in mind that the word limit for these prompts is the same, which means you’ll only have 150 words for each answer. For some people, choosing the prompts is the hardest part! There are a few things you can do to make this easier: Choose prompts that let you share new information. Go through the list and rule out any prompts that you’ve already discussed as part of your Common App or Coalition App. Some of the Notre Dame supplement essays involve talking about similar topics to the Common App and Coalition App essay prompts. Make sure you choose Notre Dame essay prompts that let you talk about something fresh and new! Brainstorm every prompt. Take an afternoon and write down potential ideas for every prompt below. Don’t worry about whether the ideas are good or not- just write them down! Once you’re done, take a look at which prompts give you the opportunity to share something new that you haven’t already mentioned in your application. Read ahead. Take a minute to read through the Notre Dame essay example topics below. See if any of the ideas or strategies jump out to you! Now let’s take a closer look at each prompt and how to answer them. Option 1: The Community Question As a Catholic university, we strive to be a community in which the dignity of each person is respected and everyone can truly flourish. Notre Dame’s president, Rev. John Jenkins, C.S.C., challenged our community to reflect on the following statement: â€Å"Let us never do anything to make another member of our community feel unwelcome, and let us not stand by if we see others doing so. Either we walk together in mutual support, or we do not walk at all. Either we are all Notre Dame, or none of us are." Tell us about a time when you walked with others. What Is the Essay Asking You to Do? â€Å"Walking with others† is a very specific phrase, especially in a Christian context. Imagine you are hiking a trail and you see someone limping because they’ve sprained their ankle. To help them, you would help support their weight and walk beside them to get them to safety. That’s what â€Å"walking with others† means: it’s about supporting someone through a difficult time. With that in mind, this essay prompt is essentially asking you to talk about a time where you supported someone else when they were in need. Through this prompt, admissions counselors want to better understand how you view your role in your relationships and/or your community. What Makes for a Good Answer? Use a personal anecdote. The key to this answer is telling a story about a very specific moment where you supported someone who needed it. Take a minute and jot down as many details as you can remember about that experience. Where were you? How old were you? Who was there? What happened? What was the outcome? Don’t worry if this is longer than 150 words. You just want to capture the details- you can condense the story as you write your essay. Don’t be afraid to think small. Many times, the most powerful experiences in our life are small ones. If you’ve done something huge that made the news, that’s great! But if you haven’t, that doesn’t mean you can’t answer this question. For example, maybe you and your family helped someone stranded in a snowstorm by letting them stay the night with you. That’s a small action that probably taught you about generosity, trust, and opening your family to strangers. Explain the situation. Remember, the admissions counselor reading your essay wasn’t there to see what happened. Make sure you set the stage by explaining the important details of your story. Keep it short and sweet since you need to discuss the impact of your experience, too. Focus on what you learned. Keep in mind that the admissions board wants to learn about you more than the person you helped. That’s why it’s important that you discuss the long-term impact of your actions in this situation. What did you learn? How did this experience change you? For instance, if you helped your mom through her cancer treatment, you might talk about learning to emotionally support your parent after she’d supported you for eighteen years. You want the admissions counselors to understand that you’ve taken the experience- even if it’s a negative one- and applied it positively to your life. What Are Some Potential Essay Topics? Along with the examples we discuss earlier in this section, here are some other topics you could write about: Standing up for one of your classmates who was being bullied. Supporting a friend who lost her parent. Participating in a service project where you slept outside to raise awareness for homelessness. Are There Pitfalls You Should Avoid? Avoid stereotypes. Be thoughtful about the experience you share. Notre Dame values community and diversity, so don’t tell a story that reinforces negative racial, cultural, or social prejudices. Be humble. One of the dangers with this prompt is that it could accidentally turn into a â€Å"look how great I am† essay. To combat this, think about this prompt as telling a story about what you learned, not what you did. Focus instead on how the experience has changed you and/or shaped your life. Option 2: The Keepsake Question What is one thing you will definitely bring to college with you? What Is This Essay Asking You to Do? This question is pretty straight-forward: it wants you to discuss something you plan to bring with you to Notre Dame and why it’s important to you. The meaning of the object is more important than the object itself, so that’s what you should spend the most time talking about in your response. Having said that, this prompt also allows for you to be really creative, both in terms of the item you pick and how you explain what it means to you. What Makes for a Good Answer? Pick your item. This will be the backbone of your essay, so you’ll want to devote time to thinking about this. Also, there are two types of things you can pick: something physical or something philosophical. A physical item is something you can hold in your hand, put in a box, and unpack in your dorm room. It could be a family keepsake, a memento from your childhood, or even a gift that means something to you. On the other hand, a philosophical item is intangible, but equally as important. This can be an idea, belief, or value that you carry with you daily that shapes who you are. Some good examples of philosophical items can be a religious belief, a value instilled in you by your parents, or even an idea that inspires you to work for your goals. Make sure your item tells a story. Make a list of potential items, both physical and philosophical. Now, go through the list and pick an item with a compelling story. For example, maybe one of your most treasured possessions is your ticket stub from seeing Hamilton on Broadway. If all you talked about was what a fun trip you had, the story wouldn’t be very compelling. But maybe you’re planning to study stage performance, so seeing the musical inspired you to put in extra hours practicing for your school play...and now you keep the ticket by your bed to remind you to chase your dreams. That’s a more powerful story that shows admissions counselors your passion, drive, and work ethic! Put an emphasis on meaning. Admissions counselors don’t really care what your item is- they’re most interested in what that item reveals about you. What does this item show about your personality, values, or aspirations? Perhaps you’ve decided to take a philosophical approach and discuss one of your dad’s favorite sayings, â€Å"Cross that bridge when you come to it.† He said that to you when you were first learning to play the trumpet. You’d get frustrated when you made a mistake, which would make you worry about not getting first chair in the band, and then losing your marching privileges. Your dad comforted you and told you to worry about one thing at a time. You’ve held that philosophy close ever since then, and you use it to help you focus on the things you can control rather than the things you can’t. This story shows your will to succeed, how much you care about your dad, and how you’re able to take advice and appl y it to your life. It also shows that you’ve learned how to focus on the present as you work toward the future, which is a great skill! Connect the story to your college experience and goals. Save the last sentence or two of your essay to explain how the meaning of your item will translate to your study and/or success at Notre Dame. For instance, maybe you’re bringing your baby blanket that your grandmother made when you were born. She had arthritis, but because she loved you, she knitted the whole blanket even though it made her hands ache. Not only does the blanket remind you of her and her love for you, but it also reminds you that achieving your goals takes toughness, fortitude, and dedication. Your grandmother inspires you to tackle your studies at Notre Dame with the same grit and tenacity that she used in making your blanket.Connecting your anecdote to Notre Dame shows admissions counselors that you’re thinking about how to use your experience to become a positive member of the Notre Dame community. What Are Some Potential Essay Topics? In addition to the examples we just discussed, here are some other ideas that might inspire your essay: You plan on bringing a box of food from Taiwan with you to college. You’re an international student, and food connects you to your culture and your family, even though you’ll be far away from home. When you were little, your mom used to sing you a song she made up about working hard whenever you did your chores. You thought it was annoying at the time, but now you sing it when you study to remind yourself to focus and do a great job. You've already packed your baseball- the exact same one you dropped at the state tournament on a clutch play to seal the win. The other team would come back to win the game...and the title. You thought your teammates would hate you for your mistake, but they supported you instead. You're bringing it to remind yourself that mistakes happen, and when they do, you should give others the benefit of the doubt. Are There Pitfalls You Should Avoid? Keep your item appropriate. If you wouldn’t talk about it with your parents, don’t write about it in your essay. Pick something unique...or not. Unique items almost always have unique stories. Maybe you have a rare baseball card or one of the picture of your mother playing the piano at Carnegie Hall. But some of the most interesting essays take ordinary objects and tell interesting stories about them, too. Maybe you’re going to take a box of macaroni and cheese with you to college because it reminds you of going on camping trips with your family. It’s an ordinary object that most people wouldn’t think twice about, but it has special meaning for you. Option 3: The Accomplishment Question What is your proudest accomplishment for which you did not receive recognition? What Is This Essay Asking You to Do? This question is pretty straightforward in that it wants you to talk about an accomplishment, but it throws in a twist. Unlike most essays, which ask you to talk about your accolades, this essay wants to know about your unrecognized success. In other words, you should discuss a moment where you did something for the sake of doing it, not because you’re rewarded. This question is a lot like the first optional essay prompt above since it’s asking you to think about a time that you did something because you wanted to, not because you received a pat on the back. If you decide to write this essay as well as the first option, be careful to make sure that you’re not reiterating the same points again. Remember: you should use each essay to reveal a new aspect of your personality to your reader! What Makes for a Good Answer? Brainstorm small successes. Here’s what we mean- think of a time where you reached a goal that was important to you even if it would seem insignificant to someone else. A small success might look like finishing your first 5K. You’ve never been a fast runner, but you trained for months to be able to finish. You didn’t finish first- or even 50th- but you accomplished your goal anyway. Ultimately, you’re trying to show admissions counselors that you’re motivated by more than just an A on a paper, which is important when you’re attending a competitive college where high grades are harder to earn. Focus on the takeaway. What did you learn from your experience? What did this experience teach you about yourself? Going back to the 5K example, maybe it taught you that you can do things you put your mind to, even if they’re things you think you’ll be â€Å"bad† at doing. Also, perhaps it taught you something about not comparing yourself to other people. You’ve learned that you get to judge what â€Å"success† means- just because other people run marathons doesn’t mean your 5K is any less of an achievement. Think about your motivation. Why were you inspired to take on this challenge? Perhaps you ran this 5K because your grandmother is battling breast cancer and you wanted to support her in her battle while raising money for cancer research. Your motivations for taking on this task can be even more revealing than the experience itself! What Are Some Potential Essay Topics? Since we’ve already talked about a sports-related topic, let’s look at some different types of accomplishments you might write about: Helping your younger sibling practice for- and pass!- their driving test. Stopping to help every turtle you find in the road make it safely to the other side. (You’re a turtle’s personal Superman.) Emotionally supporting your best friend through her parents’ year-long divorce. Are There Pitfalls You Should Avoid? You actually do get recognized for your work. Maybe your parents gave you $50 for helping teach your sibling to drive. That might not be a reward on paper, but it’s still some kind of recognition. Make sure you pick something where the only reward you recieved was the internal satisfaction of meeting your goal. You reiterate your rà ©sumà ©. Try to avoid talking about your own coursework here. Instead, use this as an opportunity to talk about your experiences outside of school. This is a great time to highlight some of your hobbies and passions beyond what you’ve already mentioned in your application! Your story comes across as negative. Even if your story is sad, make sure you come up with a positive takeaway. Think of it this way: this essay prompt gives you the opportunity to show how to make good out of a bad situation. Also, be sure you don’t come across as bitter because your hard work wasn’t recognized. Option 4: The Free-For-All Question You have 150 words. Take a risk. What Is This Essay Asking You to Do? As the question says, this is a high risk, high reward prompt. Since there’s no specific ask, you can do (almost) whatever you want! Here’s your chance to demonstrate your ability to work with little direction while simultaneously showcasing your creativity. What Makes for a Good Answer? You lean into your creativity. If you’re a naturally creative person, this is a good space to let that shine. But remember: this is an optional prompt! If you’re not a poet, don’t try to become one for the sake of answering this question in a unique way. Instead, think of what you’re passionate about. Perhaps you’re an excellent cook. Why not share one of your family recipes, concluding with a sentence about why cooking is so important to you? In other words, you don’t have to be the next Hemingway to answer this prompt! Be specific. No matter how you choose to do this, your answer here- just like your other essays- should focus on a specific story. Don’t try to tackle a huge topic! Narrow your focus until you have one particular idea, event, or area you want to focus on. Focus on your personality. Admissions counselors are trying to get to know the â€Å"you† behind your grades and activities. Your goal here is to help them understand you, so don’t get too esoteric in your response. Don’t be afraid of humor. Let’s start by saying that these responses don’t have to be funny! But maybe you accidentally wandered into a wedding reception and ended up catching the bouquet, much to your mother’s horror. If you’re a naturally funny person, and there’s a hilarious experience that you think will help admissions counselors get to know you, this is the perfect place to share it. What Are Some Potential Essay Topics? This isn’t really a â€Å"topic† based prompt, but here are some ideas for how you can â€Å"take a risk†: Write a poem or a very short fictional story that embraces themes and experiences that are important to you. Dig into the french fry debate: which fast food joint has the best fries, and why? Share your little-known passions. Maybe you are a World War II buff and want to share the story of Winkie, the carrier pigeon that saved the crew of a Royal Air Force bomber that was shot down over the North Sea. Talk about why you love one of your guilty pleasures, like eating cookies in bed or watching Korean soap operas on YouTube! Are There Pitfalls You Should Avoid? Keep it appropriate. We know we’ve mentioned this before, but it bears repeating. Make sure you’re choosing a G-rated topic. That means no sexual content, no drugs, and no illegal activities. Don’t forget to make a point. Just because the prompt is open-ended doesn’t mean your response should be random. For example, if you tell the story of Winkie, make sure to explain why it’s something you wanted to share. Maybe the story has taught you that even the smallest member of a team can have a huge impact! Spelling and grammar still count. Just because you can be more creative with this response doesn’t mean you can be less diligent. Grammatical mistakes and misspellings will count against you, so proofread carefully. Don’t blindly submit your essay. Some topics that might seem harmless to you could potentially be offensive to others, including your admissions counselor. Be sure you have a variety of other people read your essay to ensure you come across the way you intend. 4 Tips for Writing a Killer Notre Dame Essay Follow these four tips to write a great Notre Dame essay that'll show the school who you are and why they want to admit you. #1: Be Authentic You’re unique, with your own passions, experiences, and beliefs. Admissions counselors want to try to learn more about the â€Å"you† behind the transcript, so don’t be afraid to let your personality shine through in your essays. Even more importantly, don’t try to fabricate stories about yourself that you think will impress the admissions board. We guarantee that there are plenty of compelling things about you! Besides, admissions counselors have a finely tuned lie detector; they’ll know if you’re making things up. Admissions counselors look to your essays to learn more about you. That’s why it’s important to be yourself! Here’s what the Notre Dame Admissions website has to say about being authentic: â€Å"Your essays are the most enjoyable part of the application reading process. Why? Because we learn about important decisions you’ve made, adventures you’ve survived, lessons you’ve learned, family traditions you’ve experienced, challenges you’ve faced, embarrassing moments you’ve overcome.† #2: Deal With the Religion Question Not everyone who gets into Notre Dame is religious, but it’s important to know that some older demographic surveys show that the student body is up to 85% Catholic. Likewise, institutionally reported data indicates that a student’s religious affiliation and/or commitmentis considered in the admissions process. So if you are religious and haven’t already mentioned that elsewhere, you might consider discussing it in your Notre Dame application essays.But be careful! Make sure you review Notre Dame’s mission and commitments to make sure your answers align with the university’s beliefs. Additionally, don’t beat a dead horse. Every response shouldn’t revolve around religion- Notre Dame is looking for well-rounded students with a variety of interests and passions. And if you’re not religious, don’t lie to try and make yourself a more appealing candidate. Like we mentioned earlier, admissions counselors read thousands of applica tions every year. They’ll be able to tell if you’re being honest or not. #3: Jump Right In Abandon the long-winded introduction! You only have 150 words, so make every one count. To do that, get right into your topic from the very first sentence. If that feels weird, don’t worry: you can write a sentence or two of introduction to get you started, then delete it when you start revisions. #4: Show, Don't Tell Use descriptive words to paint a picture for your reader. Don’t say â€Å"I was so nervous to sing in the talent show.† Instead, say something like, â€Å"My palms were sweaty and I thought I might faint, but I walked on stage and sang anyway.† One tells the reader what you did, and the other gives the reader a glimpse at your experience. What's Next? Notre Dame is one of the top 20 colleges in the U.S., so you know admission is competitive. Using an acceptance calculator can help you better understand your chances of getting in. Notre Dame accepts both the Common App and the Coalition App. Not sure which one you should use? Don’t worry: we’ve got a handy-dandy guide to make your decision a breeze. Both the Common App and the Coalition App require additional essays beyond the ones we discussed in this post. (Yep, that means even more writing! Yay!) Thankfully, we have in-depth guides for both the Common App essays and the Coalition App essays, too. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Total Rewards System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Total Rewards System - Essay Example It is the duty of the management to find some ways in which their employees are rewarded to show that they are cared for by their employers. "Motivating the individuals that work for you is one of the most important functions that you will have as a manager" (People Skills, 2006). Practically dealing with an employee and making him/her do thinks for which they are hired is one of the biggest challenge a manager of any organization faces. But there may be individuals who would work very hard for the rewards the company provides them. At the same time there are some employee who are very hard to be pleased no matter what rewards are given to them. Total Rewards is all of the tools available to the employer that may be used to attract, motivate and retain employees. Total rewards include everything the employee perceives to be of value resulting from the employment relationship (Corey Rosen et al, 2006). Through out the history of any organization the employers have always been challenged to attract, motivate and retain their employees. Right from the days of the barter systems to the present complex production formulae the organizational principle has been the same. The principle of employees providing the enterprise with productivity and results and in turn they will be provided with something of value. According to Bob Nelson raise is not the only thing which motivates an employee neither does promotion. Some intangible, unexpected gestures which shows real appreciation for a well done job sparks a person to perform his best. Companies and organizations make use of rewards and recognitions to increase their productivity and at Total Rewards 4 the same time retain their valued employees making them happier. For instance the different types of rewards or recognition can be similar to: Airplane mechanics who are rewarded with balloons and pinwheels or it can be; A manager calls his employees' mothers and thanks them for raising such industrious children or even; ideas from the offbeat (The Margarita Award) to the company-wide (a quiet room) to the embarrassingly simple (a hand-written thank you note) to the wacky (the Laugh-a-Day challenge) to the formal (a two-week promotion to special assistant to the president). Bob, Nelson 2005 In this paper, the concept of total rewards is being discussed and a comparison with the more traditional approaches to compensation and benefits has also been discoursed. Total Rewards 5 Discussion Organizations today are laying a high degree of emphasis on getting high quality credible market insights to make informed HR decisions and to manage people which are their key value differentiators (The NASSCOM-Hewitt Total Rewards Study, 2007). Historical picture: (http://www.worldatwork.org/waw/aboutus/html/aboutus-whatis.html). During the 1970s and 1980s, organizations discerned that tactically planned compensation and benefits programs gave them the edge in a quickly changing environment. It looked as if the different organizations were responding to: The development which was taking place from the global economic perspective and also

Review one concept or practice that has been applied in one aspect of Essay

Review one concept or practice that has been applied in one aspect of tourism management - Essay Example The article conducted a research into a company and its key accounts. The relevant statistical data was gathered from three different sources. The sources included the company revenue managers, some of the company’s key accounts, and the company account managers. The research included interviews with the respondents. The research is composed of observations and the painstaking scrutiny of the relevant documents. The findings of the research indicated that the revenue managers had positively influenced the procedures of pinpointing and analyzing the implementation of the contractual management decision on certain chosen accounts. From the key accounts’ point of view, the revenue management processes were discovered to have a reverberating damaging effect on the trust as well as the many years of client-customer relationships. The research indicated that the negative image unfavorably affected the commitment to continue the client- supplier relationship. In terms of application of the research findings to realistic business situations, the findings of the research should be a one size fits all result. The research findings prove that revenue management will be rewarding to the entity, under study. The paper shows that revenue management (which can be identified as yield management) is a very popular management strategy by companies having scarce capacities. The article further states that extensive research had been conducted in the area of revenue management. A parallel research was also put into motion in business relations in the service industry. The article states that the hotel industry must understand the airline industry must prioritise serving the needs and wants of its most precious item, the air travel customers. Hotels must know implement the revenue management in order to bail out the declining hotel room volume brought about by the economic crisis. Revenue management has been used to profitably increase the demands for the

Social network service Essay Example for Free

Social network service Essay Internet is recently one of the fast, convenient ways for people to communicate with other people around the world. Especially with social networking sites, people are now able to create their own world online. They can do all the things they want to do even things they can’t do them in their real lives. Most likely, teenagers are a great numbers of users and members of the networking sites such as Myspace, Hi5, Facebook and Friendster. They usually get online and join those sites on their free time. Adults are not exceptions here, they use networking sites to do research, communicate with others or do their work online. In some aspects, those networking sites have shared the bad publicity of identity theft, false profiles, and online predators. In fact, those things have happened recently because social networking sites can not control what kind of people will be online and join their sites, so the risks are obviously not created by their faults. Despite of those bad publicities, social networking are still popularfor their great functions and features. Specially, creating a comfortable entertain atmosphere, helping people improve their social skills, and providing interesting information for users to learn and expand their knowledge. First, social networking sites create a comfortable entertain atmosphere that people can access anytime when they are at home. These sites are like playground where people can find things to do. For example, for bored people, it is probably a good place for them to spend their time. Moreover, these social networking sites allow people to create a personal profile in order to keep in touch with old friends, make new friends and even to look for a date online. For instance, we have been using Yahoo for two years, and we were surprised that this site helped us to reunite my old friends in high school in Manila. It was amazing that we also have a lot of new friendships since we have used it. Moreover,social networking sites also encourage people to create their own profiles, which can include their personal information, their interest, their photo slides, blog entries and even music clips. These are great features because people can share not only their information with others but also share their interests and hobbies as well. Some people write their dairies in blogs, where entries are made in journal style, to share with others and allow people to post comments in comment box. Therefore,social networking sites are good places for people to make friends and express their feelings with online world. Next, another advantage of social networking sites is helping people to practice and improve their social skills. Just like talking on the phone, socialization on the internet give people chances to think about their conversation and have more time to think how to response. Thus, this kind of socializing is more convenience than face-to-face interaction. It is a good opportunity for them to experiment with greetings and response, especially with kids and teenagers w ho are anxious when they involve in conversations. Moreover, social networking sites are also useful for people with special needs can express themselves, including thought and feeling, more easily and without fear of being teased or rejection they may have in real life. Specially, for people with learning disabilities, these sites help them to socialize anonymously. For instance, they can present different personas or act as people who they really are when they create profiles online, because in real life they don’t have chances to be themselves in some ways. By using these sites, they will have a great experience with initiating and maintaining online friendships. They will become more confident and improve their social skills, which they may carry over into real life and give them courage to maintain friendship in real life. So you see, there are a lot of things that are going on with these social networking sites. That’s the reason why we chose this topic. We wanted to know the effects brought by social networking sites to fourth year students, particularly to the fourth year students of IV- Love of the College of the Holy Spirit of Tarlac.

Limitation :: Essays Papers

Limitation END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR MICROSOFT SOFTWARE IMPORTANT READ CAREFULLY: This Microsoft End-User License Agreement (EULA) is a legal agreement between you (either an individual or a single entity) and Microsoft Corporation for the Microsoft software which may include online or electronic documentation ("Software") provided in the Electronic Arts software game you have acquired. By installing, copying, or otherwise using the Software you agree to be bound by the terms of this EULA. If you do not agree to the terms of this Agreement, you are not authorized to use the Software. The Software is protected by copyright laws and international copyright treaties, as well as other intellectual property laws and treaties. The Software is licensed, not sold. 1. GRANT OF LICENSE. This EULA grants you the following rights: Microsoft grants to you the right to use copies of the Software only as part of the Electronic Arts software game that such Software was included, and only in conjunction with validly licensed copies of Microsoft operating system products [e.g., Windows ® 95; Windows NT ®]. 2. RESTRICTIONS. --You must maintain all copyright notices on all copies of the Software.--You may not distribute copies of the Software to third parties. --You may not reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the Software, except and only to the extent that such activity is expressly permitted by applicable law notwithstanding this limitation. --You may not rent, lease, or lend the Software. --You may permanently transfer all of your rights under this EULA only in conjunction with a permanent transfer of your copy of the Electronic Arts software game in which the Software was included. 3. TERMINATION. Your rights under this EULA terminate upon the termination of your Microsoft operating system EULA, or without prejudice to any other rights, Microsoft may terminate this EULA if you fail to comply with the terms and conditions of this EULA. In such event, you must destroy all copies of the Software. 4. COPYRIGHT. All title and copyrights in and to the Software and any copies thereof are owned by Microsoft or its suppliers. 5. U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS. The Software is provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 or subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights at 48 CFR 52.227-19, as applicable.